Impact of slavery on the lives of african americans during the Essay

Impact of slavery on the lives of african americans during the pre-civil period - Essay Example The history of the African-American in the United States during the pre-civil period (1860) has been shaped by â€Å"slavery† that not only shaped the lives of the African-American people but also the identity of the entire American nation since ‘slavery’ as a socio-political and economic institution Slavery as a legal institution had existed in North America for more than one hundred years before the United States was founded in 1776. But it continued in the South until the 13th Amendment of the US Constitution was passed to abolish slavery in 1865. In the United States, slavery was first practiced in Virginia, one of the former English Colony in 1619. Slavery as Accepted in the US Political Sphere: The Slave Codes Slavery in the US Constitution The Abolitionists often claimed that the US Constitution (before the passing of the 13th Amendment) was â€Å"a slave document created by slave owners† (Berkowitz and Moran). Indeed the truth of the abolitionistsâ €™ claim was first revealed in the â€Å"Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787† published by James Madison. Madison’s documents show that US democracy during those years was orientated, not by any humanitarian interests, but by the core political interests of both the Northern and Southern States. The Three-fifths Compromise Since slavery was economically profitable in almost all of the southern States and the pro-slavery southern Delegates wanted to be benefited from â€Å"increased representation in the House and the Electoral College†, the southerners wanted the slaves to be counted for enumeration. Meanwhile the northerners partially driven the contra-slavery motive as well as the motive to reduce the southern dominance, wanted to count only the free inhabitants of the states. Thus the Three-Fifths Compromise came into being declaring that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted. The aftermaths of the Three-fifths Compromise we re such that the southern delegates began to dominate the Presidency and the Congress until the defeat of the south in the Civil War. Such dominance of the southerners further allowed them to manipulate the judicial and political power to exploit the African-American labor and thus the conditions of the African-Americans deteriorated. The 1793 Fugitive Slave Act One of the most mentionable events during the Southern Dominance in the Congress is the passing of the â€Å"1793 Fugitive Slave Act†. Since according to this Act any state including contra-slavery northern ones was bound to return a fugitive slave to its owner, slaves lost even their last escape from the inhuman exploitation of the slave-owners. Though the consequent 18o8 Law stopped international slave trade, interstate slave trade within the national territory continued. The effect of the 1808 Law was in favor of the anti-slavery northern states. Though the subsequent Missouri Compromise in 1820 brought the balance of power between the antislavery and pro-slavery factions of the United States, providing the northerners with the opportunity to dominate the House of Representative, slavery continued in the south. Dred Scott Case in 1854 and its Impacts The Dred Scott Case in 1854 can be considered as a milestone in the history of the African-American slavery in the United States. A close analysis of this case render a picture how slavery had shaped the African-Americans’ lives. The final decision of the Dred Scott Case was: since Scott was a black, he was not a citizen and he did not have the right to sue his master in the court. Slavery: Racism, Discrimination and Second Class Status The Scott Case infers that slavery in the United States had shifted its basis from war to color and from indentured servitude to slavery as a constitution supported practice of discriminating and depriving a group of people from their rights in

Intergrated Project Deliver at Autodesk, Inc. Essay Example for Free

Intergrated Project Deliver at Autodesk, Inc. Essay When working at any company or organization, communication is the key issue in starting up a project. Whenever you being a project, the first step would how to communicate with the team member you will be working with. Bernstein and his team have completed an important project within the budget, timeline, and scope. In this paper, I will discuss the vision statement, and briefly discuss the following: * Generated for the project scope. * Examine how Phil Bernstein foster high levels of performance for the project * Illustrates the unsuccessful tactics to inspire the team to greater heights * Create my own approach to managing this project. Phil Bernstein is the project leader for IPD, and the construction project at AEC headquarters. Bernstein and his team shall develop, and implementing a shared vision that will help motivate, and inspire the team to work hard to make the project a success. The vision needs to include AEC’s communication for the workplace to demonstrating the importance of creativity and innovation. When starting the vision statement it should be simple, and expresses the aspirations and goals of a company or organization. When developing a vision statement this gives the members of the organization or project team the chance to come together to look at areas of expertise, and decide on the future of the project. The project is to use the Autodesk Inc. that produces software for architecture, engineering, and construction, to create a non-traditional office building using 3D technology. The project is to use the conduction of the new headquarters as an opportunity for its Solutions Division to combine the latest software capabilities into building information modeling with an emerging paradigm called integrated project delivery (Edmondson Rashid, 2009). The project will use the  IPD method to foster communication among all stakeholders during the early stages of the project. To foster higher levels of performance, Bernstein will ensure the project design qualities stayed supported with the project goals and budget constraints. This particular project is critical that no team member lag behind in providing the desired output. In the case study, it was demonstrated when the project management team has to make the choice to terminate a vendor who was working on the Customer Briefing Center ceiling. The vendor was initially hired because of the building information model capabilities and experience working on the bench mark projects. The team later learned that the vendor would not be able to build nor install the ceiling within the budget that was given for that portion of the project. The team came together and decided the issue and came to a conclusion to relieve the vendor of his duties. The team decided to hire another vendor to perform the duties. The vendor that the team hired lacked the technical skills that the previous one attained, but the new vendor would be able to deliver the project on time and within the budget. Being able to deliver on time and within budget is the ideal for majority of project done. Another example of fostering higher level performance is when the team members are able to communicate and set goals to meet the objectives of integrated project delivery. The managers should empower other team members with decision making responsibilities. It is not noted throughout the case that there are critical decision that must be made. The executives should feel confident that they hired the right people to make decisions and not be afraid to take the necessary risk to ensure the project stays on track. To ensure that integrated project delivery works effectively the project implementation team must have the right mind set. Illustrate his unsuccessful tactics to inspire the team to greater heights Bernstein illustrated unsuccessful tactics when there appeared to be trouble with the contingency. Bernstein decided that for all future projects he will not include any savings from the contingency as part of the compensation structure. According to the case study, it appeared that contingency was a bad idea, because it is not in sync with the integrated project delivery (Harvard Business School, p.70). Integrated project delivery is emerging as the way to organize project teams to achieve a lean construction at a time when the industry is searching for ways to eliminate  waste, cut costs, improve productivity, and create positive outcomes (Carbasho, 2008). The reason Bernstein wants to use this practice, because it generally fosters collaboration amongst the team by integrating all the stakeholders regardless of the levels. Bernstein understands that developing rapport early in the project will enhance the outcome. Bernstein also recognized that there was a problem with the contingency idea because the team wanted to ensure that if the project saved money they wanted to include it in the contingency compensation. The team wanted to include the money in the compensation package because at the end of the project the money can potentially be used as incentives, and could be divided among the team player. Bernstein decided that maintaining contingency within the compensation package was not worth the trouble, some members agreed with Bernstein while other believed if the scope of the contract was defined more accurately the contingency issue may not be problematic. Bernstein decision to keep the two funds separate created some conflict among the team. This type of decision and tension of maintaining a separate contingency was not favorable with the integrated project delivery approach to foster, nor promote open sharing of information. One member believed that having the members of the team mutually accountable is worth a whole lot more than the cost of sharing a few dollars (Edmondson Rashid, 2009). The approach that would be used to manage this project would be similar to the current approach. The integrated project delivery method would appear to be the most logical and cost effective. The idea of integrating all stakeholders at one time does not appear to be anything new that project managers have not used previously. Although there were barriers along the way, this approach seemed to work. The project finished on time and was recognized for its efforts by the American Institute of Architects (Edmondson Rashid, 2009). As a project manager the first collaboration and task amongst the team members would be to establish a vision statement, which involves creating a view of the desired results of your projects, which is normally shared by all stakeholders. Without a vision it would be difficult to continue on with the project of this size. The integrated approach focuses on what is commonly known as the core group of the project such as: the owner, contractor and architect/designer this type of approach can be applied well beyond three main stakeholders aforementioned. The use of the  major stakeholders is a reasonable approach however this approach will also include other important team members who will be as important to ensure the project’s success. By continuing to use the IPD approach shall allow the owners to openly share the project information. It will also streamline the project communication which allows them to effectively balance the project options to meet their business enterprise goals. By using the integrated delivery approach it will strengthen the project teams, and understanding the owner’s desired outcome. The IPD approach will include the contractors, one of the core members that will allow them to contribute their expertise in construction techniques early in the design process resulting in improving project quality and financial performance during the construction phrase. By using the contractors during the designing phase will help with pre-construction planning and understanding the design. As a project manager, one would realize that understanding the design is crucial for this project, because if something goes wrong it could be very costly. Using the architectures or designers as part of the process is another one of those early benefits such as accurate budget estimates to make informed design decision and the pre-construction resolution of design related issues resulting in improved quality and financial performance. They usually bring some of the same qualities as the contractor but from a different perspective. The IPD approach is the desired method that should be used because it’s known to be built on trust and early involvement by more parties. As we all have learned throughout this course, developing trust among the team members encourage people to focus on project outcomes versus individual goals. The project lifecycle will be included with the IPD approach as part of the standard procedures. Reference Carbasho, T. (2008). Integrated Project Delivery Improves Efficiency streamlines construction. Retrieved from htt://www.tradelineinc.com/reports/0A03D1C0-2B3B-B5252-85702EDF900F61 Edmondson, A.C. Rashid, F.(2009) Integrated Project Delivery at Autodesk, Inc. Boston: Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing. Lewis, J. (2003). Project leadership: Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill

Essay --

Comparing Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness among children, and therefore many studies have been conducted in an attempt to find the most successful treatment for a majority of sufferers. According to Comer (2013) is believed that anywhere from 8-29% of all children and adolescents experience an anxiety disorder sometime during their early life. Even more shocking, is the fact that most of these children go untreated: â€Å"Despite the high prevalence of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, around two-thirds of anxious children go untreated† (Comer, 2013, p. 521). Failure to address the existence of these problems in childhood and adolescence can be detrimental to future mental health, as it increases the risk of heightened psychological problems in adulthood (Comer, 2013, p.519). Therefore, it is imperative that different treatment methods be evaluated. Two methods that have been recently receiving more attention and research are drug therapy and cognitive-be havioral therapy. The investigation of both these treatments have produced mixed results, but continued research should provide more answers as to which treatment options yield the greatest results. Furthermore, there are different subtypes of each treatment method, and as displayed in the research findings included below, each with varying degrees of success. Psychopharmacology is a much-debated topic within the field of psychology and psychiatry, particularly for children and adolescents. Many fear that providing substances to children is unsafe, and are concerned about the immediate and long-term side effects. Due to the ambiguity of their success, there is much written about this drug use and ... ...ty and effectiveness, it is imperative that clinicians evaluate each patient and warning signs that could indicate complications with treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is just as successful as drug therapy and has a number of advantages. Firstly, it directly addresses the false and anxious cognitions in children, and secondly, it teaches methods to cope in the future. Additionally, it is a better long-term treatment, and does not have the adverse effects of drug therapy. Finally, there are a number of different types of CBT, from individual to group to family, offering a variety of ways to help children with their anxiety. Each of these methods has their own advantages, especially those that include children’s peers or relatives, as they bolster the success of these treatments by reinforcing coping behavior and offering advanced and specific social support.

Yahoo CEO

Daniel Loeb, a New York hedge fund manager and who owns a 5. Per cent stake In Yahoo, came out In open to share his view against the company and Scott Thompson. However, Dan Lyons at The Dally Beast supported Thompson. Yahoo was quick to call the mistake an â€Å"inadvertent errÐ’Â « but after increasing pressure the board hired an outside counsel for the investigation (Epitome J, 2012). Thompson, later on sent a memo to the employees apologizing for the scandal (Goldman D, & Epitome J, 2012) Was it appropriate for a giant like Yahoo to call the mistake an â€Å"inadvertent error†?I believe No. If you produce a zero error on your balance sheets, and In the internet services you provide o your customers then this reasoning would simply be a blunder. COOS actions were ethically irresponsible because he was breaching the trust of board of directors who had hired him, in this case, without verifying his credentials on resume. Also, socially irresponsible because there are inv estors, people who trust CEO and any such incident on his part does send a bad signal to them.There are two things to debate upon – Should Yahoo have fired Scott Thompson the moment they found out that he lied on his resume? & Was It ethical on the part of Scott Thompson, considering the session he was In, to falsely claim the degree he never received? I would particularly like to be aggressive on each of the two questions. Yes, Yahoo should have immediately fired Scott Thompson the moment the allegations were verified. In doing so, the company would have set good example of holding good morals.The CEO is the top most level in any corporate the employees look up to, in terms of role model and as a leader. Any allegations on him could set a bad tone down the ladder In the company. Falling to fire him could have sent a bad signal at the lower order of getting way with the things and who knows many more such cases might show up in the near future. According to the consequentiali ty model, the only thing that matters is the consequence of your act. The act, whether right or wrong, decides the fate of the person and of the other people who should also bear the consequences (Moldavia, M).The consequentiality model in this case did not apply to the Coo's actions. The outburst of his lie cost him his Job and also put the reputation of Yahoo at stake, however on some level It could be argued that he was trying to Improve the existing condition of Yahoo, but not for too long. Also, that did not prove positive to any of the person in the company considering his short tenure. The share prices collapsed and the company was In the limelight for the wrong reason.Also, it is not ethical on the part of any CEO to make false claims in his resume. Had Scott rectified his resume and removed the Computer Science degree from It, exactly the same way have been much different now for Yahoo. Scott, during his short tenure at Yahoo took some crucial steps of laying off 14% of the employees (Lied, M, 2012) in an effort to improve the financial condition of the company. Had he been there for a longer period, he might have raised the company's financial position and the situation would have been completely different.However, his small act of not removing the false claim from his resume proved too costly for him and in turn for Yahoo. Communitarian's theory of moral reasoning also has no application with Scott Thompson. The theory states to be true to your contracts, whether implicit or explicit, in which you willfully enter (Moldavia, M). However, in this case Scott Thompson signs in the annual report right below the line that says â€Å"This report does not contain NY untrue statement of a material fact. † (Epitome J, 2012, Pl 73) This is complete contradiction to the theory of Communitarian's.Another thing to notice is that Scott Thompson did not feel to resign from his position. Instead he sent an apology memo to all the employees (Goldman D, & Epito me J, 2012). Who knows, Yahoo might have not even accepted his resignation, owing to his future productive plans, similar to the case of Bausch & Lomb CEO Ronald Carmella, who placed his resignation, on account of false degree claims in his resume, to the board only to be later rejected and then e served another six years before retiring in 2008.

Why I am against the death penalty

Why I am against the decease punishmentThe decease punishment has been used for old ages as a manner to penalize the guilty. Over the old ages the decease punishment has cost our Justice system 1000000s. Besides the cost, it violates our Human Rights Bill and punishes the guiltless people. The decease punishment is non effectual at cut downing offense. Our society is non any safer and does non discourage people from interrupting the jurisprudence. There are many different options in our system to contend offense, but the decease punishment in non one of them. The decease punishment is supposed prevent others from killing but it does non. Harmonizing to â€Å" Death Penalty Information Center the top academic criminological societies, 88 % of these experts rejected the impression that the decease punishment acts as a hindrance to slaying. † Fear of the decease punishment has small consequence on people perpetrating slaying. A slaying it normally starts, as an statement gone bad when the individual is angry. The mean individual does non walk outside and says, â€Å" I think I will kill today † . No 1 makes decease punishment their first thought when they leave the house. It ne'er crosses the people mind: if they kill a individual, they will acquire the decease punishment. Peoples are still killing and it has non slowed down the figure of slaying instances in the US. If the decease punishment is directing a message, unluckily no 1 is listening to the message. Second, the decease punishment cost more for an executing versus life in prison. Our state spends 1000000s to put to death captives versus go forthing them in prison. Our state is holding a budget crisis but it seem like we have 1000000s of dollars for the decease punishment. Harmonizing to â€Å" Death Penalty Information Center â€Å" California spends it cost $ 232.7 million per twelvemonth. A captive can pass life without parole cost $ 90,000 a twelvemonth per inmate. † We spend a immense sum for a system that has small consequence on offense. Third, the decease punishment goes against our Human Right Bill. On December 10, 1948, United Nations adopted the Human Rights Bill. Harmonizing to Article 5 provinces that â€Å" No 1 shall be subjected to torment or to cruel, inhuman or degrading intervention or penalty † . The decease punishment is hardhearted to worlds and a barbarous penalty. We say do non kill, but we are making the same thing. A signifier in which a human life is being taken by executing is unmerciful. Many captives reform while they are in prison. Criminals have committed some indefinable offenses, but they do non merit to hold their life to stop. The US has changed the significance of Human Rights Bill to warrant our system subsiding of tonss against another. In 1986, 48 states has get rid of the decease punishment. Fourth, the decease punishment has executed people who are non guilty. If we continue the Death punishment, non guilty people will decease. Harmonizing to decease Penalty Information Center â€Å" Since 1973, over 130 people have been released from decease row with grounds of their artlessness. From 2000-2007, there has been an norm of 5 exonerations per twelvemonth † . The job with the decease punishment is that guiltless people is killed. The system makes errors and do non ever have the grounds when convicting people. Many captives spend old ages functioning clip for a offense they did non make. There is no justness for them or their households. Justice system do non oppugn how many non guilty has died. We can penalize them stop other ways beside the decease punishment. They argue that the decease punishment put to deathing those that are guilty. Capital penalty takes many stairss to guarantee that fewer errors is made. In support of their side it is true that felons get a just test in the legal system. Our system assures that lives will be save by executing, merely the opposite there small grounds to turn out that the decease punishment saves lives. Retribution for a offense means the justness system is traveling to acquire even for the offense you committed. Retribution it is a barbarous manner for our justness system warranting what they are making. Taking the life of the people who has killed, we are making the same offense. Killing the felon is non traveling to convey back the victim. We justified it by stating it will convey closer to the victims ‘ households. The victim household heals no faster than they did while the captive was in gaol. They will sorrow the same manner in the same sum of clip. The system is adding slaying on top of slaying there is no terminal to offense. The rhythm goes on and does non stop and the whole intent is the stop slaying. At some point, the system has to confront world and happen another manner that works. Criminal ‘s carry out slaying it is the lowest signifier of offense and the system does the same thing but it gets a enthusiast name. Despite the claim that capital penalty can function as a manner to halt felons. Showing would be felons the effects of their actions. There is a jurisprudence and justness system and you have followed it. The decease punishment should do people believe before making a offense but it is merely the antonym. All things consider the justness system is morally incorrect when it comes to the decease punishment. The cost to put to death a individual is more expensive than life in prison without word. Knowing that guiltless people will be executed it is hardhearted manner of penalty. We should concentrate more on how stop and prevent offense.

Psychology Papers

Psychology Papers Psychology Papers Psychology Papers: How to Make Them Good? There may be different kinds of psychology papers that you may be provided with if you study psychology. But whether you have to write an essay or a research paper or some other assignment paper in psychology, you should take into account the following points:Any of psychology papers should contain the deep analysis of the issue it is written on; It is should be written clearly and have the logical structure; A psychology paper should be free of any mistakes as any other assignment paper. In what way can you meet these requirements? On making this question clear you will master the art of writing of psychology papers. Writing psychology papers: constituent parts of the processIt goes without saying that your writing should begin with the thorough study of your paper topic. Papers psychology suggests the deep analysis of phenomena of the human life. So, if you have to discuss, for example, alcoholism or panic disorder in your pap er, you should study the reasons of the phenomenon in question, its influence on the human life and activity, its presentation and consequences. That is why to make strong research you should find as much informational materials on the topic as possible. You may make use of different books on psychology, articles or other papers. When studying necessary informational sources it is necessary for you to make notes. Write down some information (statistical data, quotations) that you may use in your psychology paper. Making a thesis statement is peculiar to psychology papers as well. Moreover, a thesis statement will play an important role in your writing. In what way? It will be much easier for you to write and for reader to read. Firstly, a paper thesis statement puts your research into certain frameworks. Thus, you have no need to switch from one aspect to another and may concentrate your attention on a certain point. Secondly, a thesis statement is presented at the beg inning of your paper. Thus, your audience may find out what your paper is focused on. How to put all the ideas together in the logical order? This is an important question in writing of any assignment papers and in particular psychology papers. The success of a paper depends on its structure considerably. To make your paper well-structured, first of all, you should make an outline. State the points you are going to discuss in your paper. do not forget that it should conta

Abstruse vs. Obtuse

Abstruse vs. Obtuse Abstruse vs. Obtuse Abstruse vs. Obtuse By Maeve Maddox What’s the difference between abstruse and obtuse? Both are adjectives. Abstruse comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"concealed, hidden, secret.† In English it means â€Å"difficult to understand.† Remarking on complaints about the apparent meaninglessness of literary prizes, Jennifer Szalai writes, Prizes are awarded to tepid, undemanding best sellers everyone reads; prizes are awarded to obscure, abstruse books no one reads. The NY Times publishes an annual list of â€Å"abstruse words.† The list is compiled from the number of times readers click on a word in order to see a linked definition. Some examples of these â€Å"abstruse† words: antediluvian, peroration, and shibboleth. Obtuse comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"blunt, dull, stupid.† â€Å"Obtuse angles† in geometry are not stupid; they are blunt. An angle â€Å"greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees† is an obtuse angle. When botanists and zoologists say that something is obtuse, they mean that it is not sharp or pointed. For example, larch trees have cones that are about one inch long and obtuse at their points, i.e., blunt, not pointed, When applied to a person, obtuse means stupid, lacking in perception or understanding. In the movie The Shawshank Redemption, Andy uses the word in reference to the prison warden: Andy: How can you be so obtuse? Warden Norton: What? What did you call me? Andy: Obtuse. Is it deliberate? Sometimes people use obtuse when they mean abstruse. Here are some examples of misuse on a web page that seems to be offering them as examples of correct usage: They provide a very powerful, but also rather obtuse, set of tools for finding particular words or combinations of characters in strings. Obtuse language in such documents actually means? Obtuse lyrics and intricate symbolism. I suppose the writers of these examples could be calling the tools, language, and lyrics stupid, but I think it more likely that the powerful tools present a steep learning curve. If the language in the document leaves the person wondering about its meaning, then the language is difficult to understand. Finally, since the lyrics are being linked with symbolism, the word wanted is probably abstruse. An individual who is obtuse cannot understand. A book or explanation that is abstruse cannot be easily understood. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†How to Write a Proposal

Verbal Irony - Definition and Examples

Verbal Irony s Verbal irony is a  trope (or figure of speech) in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express. Verbal irony can occur at the level of the individual word or sentence (Nice hair, Bozo), or it may pervade an entire text, as in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal. Jan Swearingen reminds us that Aristotle equated verbal irony  with understatement and verbal dissemblingthat is with saying or expressing a veiled or guarded version of what one means (Rhetoric and Irony, 1991). The expression verbal irony was first used in  English criticism in 1833 by Bishop Connop Thirlwall in an article on the Greek playwright Sophocles. Examples In [the 1994 movie]  Reality Bites, Winona Ryder, applying for a newspaper job, is stumped when asked to define irony. It’s a good question. Ryder replies, Well, I can’t really define irony . . . but I know it when I see it. Really?Irony requires an opposing meaning between what’s said and what’s intended. Sounds simple, but it’s not. A paradox, something that seems contradictory but may be true, is not an irony. The Times stylebook, which, believe me, can be harsh, offers useful advice:The loose use of irony and ironically, to mean an incongruous turn of events, is trite. Not every coincidence, curiosity, oddity, and paradox is an irony, even loosely. And where irony does exist, sophisticated writing counts on the reader to recognize it.(Bob Harris, Isn’t It Ironic? Probably Not. The New York Times, June 30, 2008) Verbal Irony as Criticism What separates ironic comments from merely critical comments is that the intended criticism is often not obvious and not meant to be obvious to all participants (part of the face-saving factor). Let us compare the following examples which all share the same situational context: the addressee has once again left the door open. To get the hearer to close the door, a speaker may make any one of the following remarks: (1) Shut the goddamn door!(2) Shut the door!(3) Please shut the door!(4) Would you please shut the door?(5) You always leave the door open.(6) The door seems to be open.(7) I am so glad you remembered to shut the door.(8) I think people who shut doors when its cold outside are really considerate.(9) I love sitting in a draft. Examples (1) through (4) are direct requests varying by the amount of politeness used. Examples (5) through (9) are indirect requests, and, except for (5), which functions as a complaint, are all ironic. Even though the request for action in (5) is indirect, the criticism is obvious, whereas in examples (6) through (9) the criticism is hidden to different degrees. We see here that irony is more than the mere opposition of a surface and an underlying reading. The speaker of (8) in all actuality probably believes that people who shut doors when its cold outside are really considerate. Thus, there is no discernible opposition of a surface and an underlying reading. Nevertheless, examples like (8) should also be covered by any definition of irony.(Katharina Barbe, Irony in Context. John Benjamins, 1995) Swifts Verbal Irony The simplest form of high relief verbal irony is the antiphrastic praise for blame, for example, the Congratulations! we offer to the smart Alec who has let the side down. . . . [Jonathan] Swifts Directions to Servants, his satire of the faults and follies of servants, takes the form of advising them to do what they too frequently already do and reproducing their lame excuses as valid reasons: In Winter Time light the Dining-Room Fire but two Minutes before Dinner is served up, that your Master may see, how saving you are of his Coals.(Douglas Colin Muecke, Irony and the Ironic. Taylor Francis, 1982) Socratic Irony The everyday irony that, today, we identify in simple cases of verbal irony has its origin in [the] Socratic technique of eironeia. We use a word but expect others to recognise that there is more to what we are saying than the uses of everyday language. (Claire Colebrook, Irony. Routledge, 2004)I value the privilege of sitting beside you very highly, for I have no doubt that you will fill me with an ample draught of the finest wisdom. (Socrates addressing Agathon in Platos Symposium, c. 385-380 BC) Verbal irony forms the basis for what we mean when we say irony. In ancient Greek comedy, there was a character called an eiron who seemed subservient, ignorant, weak, and he played off a pompous, arrogant, clueless figure called the alazon. Northrop Frye describes the alazon as the character who doesnt know that he doesnt know, and thats just about perfect. What happens, as you can tell, is that the eiron spends most of his time verbally ridiculing, humiliating, undercutting, and generall y getting the best of the alazon, who doesnt get it. But we do; irony works because the audience understands something that eludes one or more of the characters.   (Thomas C. Foster, How to Read Literature Like a Professor. HarperCollins, 2003) Audens Unknown CitizenOur researchers into Public Opinion are contentThat he held the proper opinions for the time of year;When there was peace, he was for peace; when there was war, he went.He was married and added five children to the population,Which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation.And our teachers report that he never interfered with their education.Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd:Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard.(W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen. Another Time, 1940)The Lighter Side of Verbal IronyCommander William T. Riker: Charming woman!Lt. Commander Data: [voice-over] The tone of Commander Rikers voice makes me suspect that he is not serious about finding Ambassador TPel charming. My experience suggests that in fact, he may mean the exact opposite of what he says. Irony is a form of expression I have not yet been able to master.​​(Datas Day, Star Trek: The Next Generation, 1991) Also Known As: rhetorical irony, linguistic irony

Uncalculated Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uncalculated Risks - Essay Example The above issue takes centre stage as to why licensing is not a compulsory issue for drilling engineers, while the aeronautical industry requires that all engineers in its field be licensed. In addition, the experience of these engineers is in question following the lack of need to attend classes for academic qualification. Rather than this, all that is required is experience, and this does not allow the engineers to make sound decisions, as they cannot calculate the cost of their negligence or lack of knowledge of the technicalities involved. As such, further concerns come up as to whether having licensed engineers would culminate in responsible conduct and decision making at drilling rigs. The exemption of licensing for these engineers is to be thought of again and a sound decision made regardless of the political pressure involved. The practice of exempting drilling engineers from getting licensing stands to be unethical owing to the lack of accountability to the public and that the said persons cannot stand prosecution. This is because if they are accountable, their accountability is only owed to their employers and the shareholders of the said company for which they work. In addition, the lack of licenses for engineers points to their ability to get away with their mistakes and failures to follow standard operating procedures that have been approved. Mitigation practices would entail passing legislation that cuts across the board on a federal scale rather than state law. This is to ensure that in light of public concerns and their safety, all engineers have undergone training and are licensed. This allows employers to distinguish clearly between unscrupulous persons masquerading as engineers, while they are not willing to take responsibility for their actions as they lack qualifications to comprehend the gravity of their mistakes. As such, having a central

Privacy Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Privacy Policy - Essay Example Facebook collects more information than the other websites since it is an interactive website. Information regarding your friends, family relationship, and views on matters like religion, politics, music and various events also appear on Facebook. However, all the information given on Facebook is voluntary and the user is in control of the amount of information they put on the website. The websites automatically collect information when users interact with the websites’ tools, services, application or advertising. Information on geographical location, device type, IP address, URL referral and page view statistics is automatically sent by the users’ computer or cell phone. The privacy policy outlines the personal information that might be shared and with whom. The three websites indicate that only with users’ consent would they share information with a third party. However, the policy does not apply to law enforcement, authorized third parties and governmental agencies. Subpoenas and court orders from jurisdictions within the United States and outside are adhered to by the websites. Information is also shared with lawyers, companies, and courts in order to protect the website and its users from violators of the websites statement of rights and responsibilities. The websites also share information with companies in order to offer joint services. The websites share information with domain administrators allowing them to conduct maintenance of the users’ accounts. The websites clearly state that privacy policy is subject to change. In the case of Facebook, the changes apply to all the users’ information and account. A fan of the Facebook Site Governance page receives the notice directly while others only find the notice on the site. Google privacy policy does not reduce the users’ rights without explicit consent. Any privacy

Philosophy of Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Time - Essay Example On the other hand, Isaac Newton defined a number of significant ideas including that of time. Even though he understood that clocks were imperfect and measuring time was subjected to human fault, he believed that absolute time was comparable to a worldwide, supreme God-like time, one similar to everyone, in all places; people would experience time in a similar manner no matter the place. Since chronological time is solely somewhat adequate in an experiential sense and totally inadequate to clutch the meaning of aging, there is need to combine both a broader cultural and a personal sense to revive other temporal perspectives. The aim of both perspectives, symbolized in the main positions of Augustine, Aristotle, the existential philosopher Heidegger, and phenomenologist Husserl, has been to make up time as such from their views. There are benefits that an individual might derive from philosophy of time. First there is a clear relationship between the human mind and time. St Augustine adopted a subjective opinion of time stating, "It is in you, O my mind, that I measure time,† (St. Augustine) meaning that human mind actually structures a person’s perception so that he can know the fact that time is likened to a mathematical line. In this theory therefore, I believe that time is a form of conscious knowledge, and people’s sense of it is a vital condition of their sensation or experience. Philosophy of time is important in planning for the past, the present, and the future. C.S. Lewis argues that our life changes with time. He articulated that "The duration of consciousness is not the same as the consciousness of duration." (C.S. Lewis). One moment disappears when another moment sets in and this is what gives room for noticeable developments in one’s life. This arrangement is not the only way that life is experienced by each one of us, but also the way by which all things happen or exist. We tend to assume that everything happens just the way we wish it to happen, when time elapses. Philosophy of time is a crucial factor in each one’s life. Life comes with it the opportunity to discover the livelihood of a person, to learn about anything, and to relate with nature. Modern society has an impact on the daily lives of individuals and therefore, the sense of efficiency result in increased responsibilities and tasks, which must be completed within a short time. No wonder Marcus Aurelius stated, "If you want to stop wasting your life in vain fantasies, perform every act in life as though it were your last," (Marcus Aurelius) to mean that people should not spend much of their time thinking of impossibilities, but rather use that chance to the maximum and to their best. People need to employ their time wisely, avoiding too much hurry to pause and taste life; they should never loss their sense of the extensive value of a single minute. In the Zen philosophy and time nature, William Blake is quoted attributing, - "The essence of Zen is to learn to do just one thing at a time" (William Blake). In my understanding, this implies that people ought to learn to live like ancient philosophers, by having specifications in their daily chores. Lacking this kind of philosophical thought of time may mess up an individual’s activities. Doing too much at ago violates the meaning and significance of how wisely a person should utilize time. Striving to achieve every goal at ago may only lead

Health Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Information Systems - Essay Example Medical informatics started in the US when the computers and microchips were introduced in the 1950s. In 1949, the first professional informatics organization was founded by Gustav Wager in Germany. Programs that trained individuals on informatics systems began in France in the 1960s which became common in the United States and Europe by the 1970s. Initially, health informatics systems were used for purposes like billing and patient admissions/discharges. (Neujahr). The technological advances made in the field of computers contributed to the rapid spread of health informatics systems. The relationship between doctors and people has also drastically changed with the introduction of medical informatics, since people are not ignorant of the health issues they are likely to face. Information regarding symptoms, causes and diagnosis is made available to all individuals, enabling them to identify their problem. People are usually aware of the health issue before they approach a doctor for diagnosis. Health informatics on the internet has made professionals more equitable since they have the advantage of learning of medical and clinical procedures immediately, without having to search for books on the particular technique or to consult other professionals. The physician is expected to have wide knowledge of all disciplines of medicine as all information is made available to the client or the patient. Internet forms the site of a new struggle over expertise in health that will transform the relationship between the health professions and their clients. (Hardey, 2009). A number of health informatics organizations have been developed by the government to provide reliable information on all kinds of health issues. For instance, the United States Federal Government has developed a health informatics site, healthfinder.gov. It provides guidelines to healthy living and personalized health advice by professionals to enable the

Sustainable Urban Dynamics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainable Urban Dynamics - Term Paper Example Consequently, resulting from some identified challenges. Foremost, are environmental challenges of which climate change is the major global issue. The myriad of problems consequent from climate change include hunger, food, shortage, water scarcity and inadequate food sufficiency. Furthermore, the future unpredictable oil supply is another issue that will affect populations in cities. Secondly, the economic changes resulting from the process of globalization and economic restructuring pose another challenge. More specifically, are the negative economic impacts to women aligned in the casual labor segment. Furthermore, urban development plans will be occurring in a global economy plagued with poverty and high social inequalities. Key features and sustainability measures of Curitiba Eco-city Curitiba city has undergone dramatic changes to establish it as one of the best industrial and commercial hubs. The city is characterized by low crime rates, high educational standards and less poll ution levels. (Rabinovitch & Leitman, 1996). The specific range of sustainability measures that were employed in the city were based on converting the city in line with nature’s requirements. For example the city adopted the use of public transportation to replace the private automobiles. Furthermore, they also increased the carrying capacity of the buses. Secondly, the city managers employed the use of incentives in its development plans such the public disclosure in relation to land (Rabinovitch & Leitman, 1996). Lastly, the city opted to adopt sustainable and appropriate technology in its operations as opposed to high end expensive technology. For example, the city in its effort to tackle its solid waste problems, adopted a garbage purchase program for low income communities. (Rabinovitch & Leitman, 1996). â€Å"Urban disorder† and â€Å"culture of fear† with implications in â€Å"gated communities and â€Å"politics of land use control† Urban disorde r refers to the loss of control over social and spatial order as a consequence of increased urbanization. The manifestations of urban disorder include public incivilities such as drinking in the streets, graffiti paintings as well high crime rates within a neighborhood. Furthermore, it is also characterized by urban decline such as littering of the streets, a sense of powerlessness whereby an individual fails to take action against any injustices witnessed and moreover, a state of poor physical heath such drug addicts (Sampson, 2009). On the other hand, the culture of fear is based on the tenets of fears for urban disorders. Consequently, some segment of higher class are driven to live in gated communities by their own admission of the culture of fear for the dangers that lack outside of their own urban set up. In this case the residents are fearful of the possibility of crime and violence that are common with urban disorder. Consequently, the land use patterns are affected by these gated communities since more and more agricultural land is converted for development. Lastly, the reinforcing mechanisms of these exclusionary resident tendencies include the increasing differences in social classes between the rich and the poor, government expansion of regulatory laws such as zoning laws which have provision for family and neighborhood life. Distributive and Procedural Inequities According to Boon et al., the distributive

Health Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Information Systems - Essay Example Medical informatics started in the US when the computers and microchips were introduced in the 1950s. In 1949, the first professional informatics organization was founded by Gustav Wager in Germany. Programs that trained individuals on informatics systems began in France in the 1960s which became common in the United States and Europe by the 1970s. Initially, health informatics systems were used for purposes like billing and patient admissions/discharges. (Neujahr). The technological advances made in the field of computers contributed to the rapid spread of health informatics systems. The relationship between doctors and people has also drastically changed with the introduction of medical informatics, since people are not ignorant of the health issues they are likely to face. Information regarding symptoms, causes and diagnosis is made available to all individuals, enabling them to identify their problem. People are usually aware of the health issue before they approach a doctor for diagnosis. Health informatics on the internet has made professionals more equitable since they have the advantage of learning of medical and clinical procedures immediately, without having to search for books on the particular technique or to consult other professionals. The physician is expected to have wide knowledge of all disciplines of medicine as all information is made available to the client or the patient. Internet forms the site of a new struggle over expertise in health that will transform the relationship between the health professions and their clients. (Hardey, 2009). A number of health informatics organizations have been developed by the government to provide reliable information on all kinds of health issues. For instance, the United States Federal Government has developed a health informatics site, healthfinder.gov. It provides guidelines to healthy living and personalized health advice by professionals to enable the

Research paper on nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research paper on nursing - Essay Example Nursing profession contributes in promotion of well being of a person by prevention of illness, helping doctors in treatment procedures, and taking patients care of ill, disabled and dying people. According to International College of Nursing (ICN), nursing also aids in various other aspects of health care setting including promotion of a safe environment, research and development, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and preparation of educational materials. This profession is regarded as the backbone of our healthcare system. As the global environment is changing at fast pace, the types of disorders, and the paths of disease transmission are also varying and therefore, offering more diverse challenges. The nurses ensure promising future to all the people who are victims of bad health. Cohesive efforts and collaborative knowledge of nurse and physician brings clinical success in terms of patient’s positive outcome. The nursing profession has undergone many transformations over human history with different stages of development. Nursing in ancient times was restricted to mother caring for their off springs and relatives. It was believed that sickness and disorders arise due to evil spirits and only magical treatments were given. Nursing activities were taken care of by females in the early Christian era in the Churches and homes without formal education. Over the time these nurses learnt the skills with the use of herbal medicines and drugs. Some nurses even got treatment like physicians. However, this was followed by dark period of nursing where illiterate and ignorant women were delivering crude and unsatisfactory nursing services to sick and needy people. In this period, St. Vincent de Paul, religious leader motivated ladies for nurse training without actual clinical education. Then the developmental era in nursing began from 1846 with Florence

College Life Essay Example for Free

College Life Essay College was always my main goal throughout my whole entire education life school was not for me but I managed to make it to college. I graduated from a Catholic High School with all boys who have already mentally allowed me to focus on other issues and concentrations of focuses. I still sometimes wonder what I am going to do with my major and completion of college. I need to know my future and when I leave for school I am going to have to use my morals and higher education to help me understand and cope with other everyday experiences. There are three main categories of things that I want to gain in my life experience. I want to gain moral things, also strengthen my personality, and gain a higher knowledge. After I graduation from high school, I had plan to do several things. The most important thing I plan to do is go to college, because there are so many other detractions other than a degree, from a college education I plan to pursue higher learning, to begin a career, and to make history in my family. Making history in my family is the most important thing I hope to gain from a college education. My mother was the one parent that parents graduated from college, I have two brothers and a sister who did attend college which motivated me to want to go to college; my other relatives a least graduated from high school. Taking a look back has motivated me to reach farther. Being able too graduate of a catholic department system and also a highly respected person in my senior class. I plan to make history in my family by being the first also to get a Degree in History. Pursuing higher learning, beginning a career, and making history in my family are things I hope to gain from a college education other than a degree. It is very important that I accomplish these goals so that I will have continued success. If I believe it, then I can achieve it. I am not after the meaning of life but by the grace of God I know all of these things that I know and able to learn more whenever possible. College is a step in my lifelong search for knowledge that will hopefully bring me closer to my goals. Lastly one thing I hope to gain from a college education is higher learning. Learning goes far beyond a high school education and is very necessary in todays society. It allows us to be familiar with our environment and everyone in it, and it allows us to maintain assurance of ourselves. A lot of us would be lost without any learning at all, and our world would be very confused. One must learn to do such things as apply math skills as well as be responsible and independent. I know that a college education would allow me to acquire this ability.

Emotional intelligence three schools of thought

Emotional intelligence three schools of thought Emotional intelligence. What is it and what role does it play in work and life effectiveness? Is emotional intelligence just a repackaging of people skills in scientific clothing? Research suggests it is not. Academics and business people alike are intrigued by the possibility that emotional intelligence is a distinctive and measurable form of intelligence that is important to success as a leader. But how important is it to effective leadership? Are there some aspects of emotional intelligence that are more important than others? And, importantly: are there any downsides to having too high an EQ? What is Emotional Intelligence? From the review of the research there is no proper consensus about what actually emotional intelligence constitute.According to the research there are 3 schools of thoughy: 1)First school of thought like Goleman 1998 thinks factors influencing emotions and intelligence as initiative,self confidence and drive for results 2)Second school of thought like Bar-On 1997 view emotional intelligence as a personality dimension, like extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability. 3)Third school of thought like Mayor,Dipaolo thinks that emotional intelligence is the set of abilities which constitutes the capacity of the person to understand,reason about and how to use emotions to think and act. All three share a fault in terms of measuring leadership effectiveness. The tests are designed to assess specific aptitudes, traits, abilities, or behaviors thought to relate to emotional intelligence, but without regard as to how those may relate to success in particular situations.This is also the fundamental flaw in how emotional intelligence is being applied to effective leadership: we are beginning with competing constructs of emotional intelligence and attempting to relate them to leadership success, instead of going the other way around. We are, in effect, looking through the wrong end of the telescope at leadership performance. How Effective Leaders Demonstrate Emotional Intelligence At Cambria Consulting, we have taken the approach advocated by McClelland: identify the most effective leaders and study what makes them different from the average. During the past 30 years, we have observed and interviewed over 1000 highly effective senior managers and executives in prominent Fortune 500 companies, federal agencies, nonprofits and the military.. Based on this research, we have noted several critical aspects of emotional intelligence that are highly important to leadership effectiveness, as well as others that can actually be dysfunctional. What follows is a brief summary of our conclusions about what works and what doesnt work based on our observations. 1. Effective leaders are aware of their impact on others and use it to their advantage. Efffective leaders in an organization know that their strong personalities ,their position and even their physical presence makes a strong impact on others.they are also sensitive about hoe they come across to others.They form channels to bring about best in others.Such kind of leaders thinks that they are in perfect control over about their own feelings nad how they express them.But at the same time there is a big risk involved with such kind of leaders that these may come across as overbearing.Perfect balance is being created by the effective leaders. 2. Effective leaders have empathy for others; yet can still make tough decisions. Effective leaders often are best from thinking on placing himself in others position.They place themselves in others shoes and are able to think why and how employees react at the time of personal crisis,any changes may it be transformational or transactional,any prganizational events.But it doesnot prevent them to take tough decisions.They make people acknowledge that the decisions really make sense.The risk attached to it is that its easy to over-identify with others or let empathy be confused with sympathy, and not make the tough decisions as needed. 3. Effective leaders are astute judges of people without being judgmental. Effective leaders are able to judge others in terms of strengths and weaknesses and are able to apply and recognize diverse talents of the organization.The risk is that thay may overly critical about what they perceive about others weakenesses nad may make them feel undervalued or disrespective by dimissing the advice of such people. . 4. Effective leaders are passionate about what they do, and show it. Good leaders are passionate, highly optimistic and believe in the inevitability of success. They encourage others to believe that the most challenging goals can be met and the most daunting obstacles overcome. But it doesnt mean that they are always cheerleaders; their passion may be expressed as persistence in pursuing an objective or a relentless focus on a valued principle. However,theres a fine line between being excited about something and letting too much passion close your mind to other possibilities and ignoring realities that others see. 5. Effective leaders balance feeling and logic in making decisions. Effective leaders are in touch with their gut instincts about the right thing to do in the absence of supporting data. They also recognize their internal warning signs that something might not be the right thing to dodespite the seemingly compelling analysis. They understand that logic and facts are not the only things to consider. Nevertheless, they do not just go with their gut without checking out their instincts with others. The drawbacks are the temptation to rely largely on their feelings about things and bet that they are correct without further investigation. They are essentially gambling with the resources of the organization, and can lose big. 6. Effective leaders are excellent communicators. Effective leaders understands that the information should reach to people on time about the business.though they are not good speakers but still they kknow the hot buttons of the organization.They know that timely information always motivates people and make them connected to the organization.The only problem they face is that they get into the trouble of providing too much or too less information to the people connected with the organization.sometimes information not passed with the fear of people being upset from the truth. As in most things, emotional intelligence as a leadership requirement should be kept in perspective. The key to effectiveness is balance: a strong mix of cognitive capacity (logical, conceptual and creative thinking), people skills (interpersonal astuteness, influence skills, and communication skills), and the wisdom borne of experience and having to make unprecedented decisions based on a strong set of personal values and personal integrity. Taken together, this is what makes for effective leadership.

The Ethics in Securing the Internet Essay -- Ethical Web Privacy Essay

The Ethics in Securing the Internet Introduction In order to understand the concept of internet security and why it is necessary it would be worthy of analysis to discuss what would happen if not enough of it is provided, meaning that the levels of security are not utilized to the full extents. This is exactly where the big issue of hacking and hackers becomes involved. Hackers can benefit from a wide range of weaknesses in security, break into systems, find the information they need, and eventually change them to fulfill their desire. This, over the years, has resulted in great deals of information loss in big companies throughout the world, causing them to not functioning properly or eventually break apart. This is precisely where the concept of internet security and its great necessity comes into play. Why is Internet Security Needed? To accomplish a good understanding of what internet security is and why we need it, it would be helpful to first go over the concept of internet and a brief history about it to see how it was the first time around, and in what different ways it's been developing since it was first created. The origins of the internet The first image of internet presented by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962, envisioned internet as "a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any website."[1] It's worthwhile to mention that concept was a lot similar to what is known as internet today. Having said that, one can see to some extents, the great importance of Licklider's work - back in the 60s - in how it's been influencing our lives eversince. The next major step, along the path of computer networking was made by Leonar... ...kpoint.com/products/downloads/opsec_whitepaper.pdf > 2004 4. Checkpoint software technologies Ltd., Getting Started Guide: What Every Small Business Needs to Know About Internet Security, < http://www.checkpoint.com/products/downloads/sb_getting_started_internet_security.pdf >2004 5. Checkpoint software technologies Ltd., IPSec versus Clientless VPNs for Remote Access,< http://www.checkpoint.com/products/downloads/ipsec_whitepaper.pdf > 2004 6. Eos Development < http://www.eosdev.com/Backgrounds/Back_Petals/EosPetals4.htm > 7. Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Glossary < http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ld/pubs/compsecurity/glossary.html > (Last updated 10/15/01 8. Checkpoint Software technologies Ltd. < http://www.checkpoint.com > 9. Corporate Automation Group, Hipaaq home < http://www.cag.com/hipaaq/html/hipaaq_md1.html >

McDonaldization of Society

Ritzer’s theory of McDonaldization proposes a new interpretation of modern world order, social structure of society and business relations. Efficiency is one of the main components of McDonaldization. Ritzer (2000) explains: â€Å"McDonald's offers efficiency, or the optimum method for getting from one point to another. For consumers, this means that McDonald's offers the best available way to get from being hungry to being full† (9). Efficiency helps companies to adopt particular cause of action. Efficiency means the best solution to meet the needs of parties involved. Efficiency involves the identification of a problem or issue which requires consideration. At this stage there will be a decision to do nothing or pursue the issue. For instance, fast food restaurants help customers to save time and money. People can buy meals in a short period of time ‘without leaving their cars’ (9). Efficiency can be explained as rationality, fast service delivery and low cost solutions.   Continued change is inevitable and likely to develop at an even faster rate. â€Å"The fast-food model offers people, or at least appears to offer them, an efficient method for satisfying many needs† (10). A salad bar is a vivid example of efficiency: a customer buys a plat and creates a salad himself. By keep ­ing the objectives in mind and always looking for ways in which both parties can work together to achieve their common objectives, it should be easier to reach a mutually acceptable service. If efficiency concept is followed, the company is required to identify possible courses of customers’ action to solve the problem. www.expedia.com is a travel agency which follows an efficiency principle in order to deliver quality services at low cost. ‘Self-service’ is the main tool used by Expedia Travel. A client can plan his trip or vocation according to his budget and wants. A client calculates the price of his trip himself and can reduce its cost choosing a cheaper hotel or flight. This self-service presents opportunities for diverse customer groups. This approach is interesting to everyone who wants to plan a good vocation at low cost. On the other hand, a client is forced to spend more time on planning and organizing process, mastering new technology and computer skills. The case of Expedia travel shows that in changing environment, the use of technology requires more problem solving skills and the ability to interpret data. Routine tasks requiring a low level of skill are disappearing fast. Used in conjunction with flexible planning, efficiency requires a customer’s participation in service delivery. Using this approach many firms adopted that principle understands it as clients’ participation in planning which have the potential to improve the quality of their work. Any improvement here is said to be beneficial. Important in the above is the recognition that involvement of clients in examining problems and seeking to develop solutions is only one part of the efficiency approach. Moreover, all manner of developments and improvements are discussed in the context of the strategy that management has agreed upon in order to turn the company around. Through involvement of all parties and by bringing in new skills new ways of doing things are sought. Ritzer’s concept of ‘efficiency’ shows that involvement of a customer/client in service delivery process helps companies to reduce operational costs and time. Ritzer underlines that a modern consumer pays for this privilege. Beyond this it is essential that customers are given a chance to seek out and develop cost-effective solutions. Works Cited Ritzer, G. The McDonaldization of Society. Pine Forge Press; 2000.

Maxim’s Group Structure

Divisional structure is an organization design made up of self-contained units or divisions. Positions are grouped into departments based on similar products, regions or customer groups. Hong Kong Maxim's Group has grown into the largest catering company in Hong Kong, while serving more than 540,000 people every day. Nowadays, Hong Kong has built up many store, each store need human’s development. The Group invests a lot of resources in the development of talent to support its rapid growth. The Group also provides career incentives for potential employees such as promotions, role transfers, and new business management. Last but not the least, we prepare an â€Å"Individual Development Plan† for employees so that they can adapt to their new roles in a short time span. The food and beverage industry requires a people-oriented culture and focuses in recruiting strong human capital. Therefore, Maxim has set up comprehensive training and development programs for employees at varying levels. Through the programs, employees can develop their working skills as well as improve other aspects. As the Job Category, staff can be divided as Front Line Catering Service, Catering Ambassador,Catering Manager. Maxim’s Group has a matrix structure. Matrix structure is comprised of specialists from functional departments who are assigned to work on one or more projects led by a project manager. Combines product departmentalization and functional departmentalization. Also, matrix structure is advantages of work specialization and has high accountability. Maxim’s Group is a combines leading by a project manager, there are many different department in a larger organization. Differ from department have work specialization, faultless inside preference structure and having a high accountability and corporate social responsibility. Actually, Maxim’s Group is a diversify structure. Maxim’s Group has many group businesses as Chinese cuisine, quick service restaurant. Maxim’s cakes, festive products etc. Maxim’s Strategic and Business Development Department is always on the lookout for new business opportunities, including franchises, strategic partnerships and mergers and acquisitions.

Success

Success in my own words. Success is an enigmatic entity. Most of us pursue it as a fixed entity that will magically leave us content. But according to me, that is as far from the truth as can be. Because contentment is the enemy of success. The moment I were to feel that I am content, is the moment my success stops. The passion to challenge myself is the fuel that I need to burn in order to keep achieving success. It is very common in India that right from a very young age, our success is measured as a factor relative to the success of our peers.I do not try to compare myself with others, which I think is the most destructive thing one can do. Every person is unique, and every person has their own strengths and weaknesses. I have always believed that I am my own best friend. And my idea of a best friend is someone with whom I can compete fiercely, and constantly. This means that I am always trying to outdo myself. Each time I reach the peak of my achievement, I would've already set m y eyes on something higher. And I am relentless in my pursuit of any and every goal I set for myself.This does not mean that I do not revel in my moments of achievement. I give myself the occasional pat on the back. And I think it is essential to do so, because motivation is like the lubricant that keeps the gears of success going. And as an engine with copious amounts of fuel, without a lubricant, eventually grinds to a halt, damaging the engine permanently, without motivation, one's success may seem to go leaps and bounds in the beginning, but eventually will come to a complete and permanent halt. I have seen many people be deliberately unenthusiastic about their achievements to he outside world.This will eventually lead to a never ending void in us, that no amount of success can fill. Success is a thing to be celebrated, and something hidden from the world is never a celebration. But once again, we must be careful not to let ourselves run amok, as there is a very thin line that s eparates celebration from extravagance. And extravagance almost always leads to lethargy, dousing the flames of passion and motivation. And that is where the final ingredient in this mechanism of success comes in- hard work.If passion is the fuel and motivation the lubricant that runs the engine of success, then hard work is the spark plug that ignites the mixture, and keeps it burning strong. Without hard work, no great plans of grandeur can come to fruition. I think that a perfect balance of passion, motivation and hard work is what is required to achieve long lasting, tangible success. If either one goes out of proportion, then success becomes elusive and seemingly impossible to achieve.

Urban Housing Reforms and Urban Blight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Urban Housing Reforms and Urban Blight - Essay Example Cultural groups overran areas that were under urban development reforms in an effort to enjoy imminent benefits like reasonably priced houses (Aoki, 1992). For example, the aftermath of the First World War saw a profound inflow of African Americans from the south. This influx led to troubles of the â€Å"metabolism† of urban housing reform and population distribution (Pritchett, 2003). The dumbbell tenement is another example of urban blight in the form of a product of urban design reform. The vast arrival of communities resulted in the acceleration of the â€Å"junking† procedure in the field of deterioration. Reform supporters never built a systematic procedure by which to ascertain the positive impacts of the reforms. One example is the presented of outmoded contracts in many urban development councils. Similar to the private sector, urban design reform integrated control and imposed order on surrounding environs. Another example is the burdensome structure of checks and balances that reform supporters did not abandon. This system of transacting fostered fraudulence, corruption, overstated taxes, and election rigging. From this point of new, an urban blight in late nineteenth century America was not just a naturally happening procedure. Urban housing reforms of the late 1800s in the end contributed to urban blight. The loss of interest in the greater good by landowners, migration influxes, the invasion of urban areas by ethnic groups, and the lack of a systematic process contributed to urban blight.

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Innovation - Essay Example The main difference between technology driven and innovative driven companies is that technology driven companies use new and faster technology to operate their organizations. On the other hand, innovative, driven organizations come up with newly innovated products to attract customers. For instance, banks using automated teller to serve their customers is a technology driven move. On the other hand, companies like Apple strive to come up with new and better innovation so that they can offer their customers better products. Additionally, the other difference between organizations that are technology driven and innovative driven is that technology driven organization tries to come up with better means to serve their customers (Daft, &Marcic, 2004). This does not mean they keep changing their products, but they insist on using technology that enables them to be faster and efficient. Therefore, innovative companies’ main objective is to come up with better products for their cust omers. They always come up with better products, and that is how they attract consumers. Moreover, innovative driven organizations are normally organizations that deal with customers indirectly since most of the time they are